What is the dielectric loss factor of a transformer?
The dielectric loss factor tgδ, as a key indicator for measuring insulation performance, accurately reflects the loss characteristics of insulating materials under the action of electric fields. It can
sensitively reveal the overall moisture and deterioration of the insulation of electrical equipment, as well as whether there are local defects in small-volume equipment, whether they are penetrating or non-penetrating problems.
Compared with traditional insulation resistance and leakage current tests, the detection of dielectric loss factor tgδ has significant advantages. It is not affected by factors such as test voltage and sample size, making it more direct and accurate to judge the changes in the insulation state of electrical equipment. Therefore, tgδ testing is one of the basic items in the insulation detection of high-voltage electrical equipment.
By measuring tgδ, we can monitor the overall degradation of transformer oil, sludge deposition on windings, and severe local defects. Although dielectric loss measurements may be disturbed by surface leakage and external conditions (such as electric field strength, atmospheric conditions), these effects can be reduced by taking appropriate measures. In actual operation, we usually measure the bushing as a whole, and when we need to improve detection accuracy and defect sensitivity, we will perform more detailed decomposition tests to locate defects.
The leakage current measurement is similar to the insulation resistance test, but it is more sensitive and can effectively identify local defects in the transformer that are difficult to find with other tests. The magnitude of the leakage current is closely related to the insulation structure and temperature of the transformer. During factory testing, the results can be better evaluated by comparing with similar transformers and empirical data. As the voltage level of the transformer increases, the importance of the dielectric loss factor tgδ and leakage current testing also increases accordingly.
Due to the changes in capacity and volume, relying solely on tgδ and leakage current to evaluate the insulation condition of the winding may not be accurate enough. However, for capacitive devices, such as capacitive bushings and capacitive voltage transformers, practice has shown that measuring tgδ and capacitance Cx is still an effective means of diagnosing faults.
The dielectric loss factor tgδ can effectively identify the following insulation defects:
(1) moisture intrusion;
(2) penetration of the conductive path;
(3) bubbles, delamination and shelling inside the insulation;
(4) contamination, material deterioration and aging problems on the insulation surface. Through accurate tgδ measurement, we can ensure the insulation safety of electrical equipment and prevent potential failures.
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Whether you’re working with transformers, bushings, capacitors, or arresters, the RD6000A is your new best friend for dielectric loss measurement in the power industry. It’s not just a tester; it’s a game-changer.
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